Henry Laurens Call (1867-1917)
Henry Laurens Call Socialist lawyer, author, and lecturer, Henry Laurens Call built the first airplane west of the Mississippi River in 1908. It was called the "Girard Airship", dubbed by the townspeople as the "Mayfly" because, "it may fly!" It didn't. Call built fourteen planes in all.
 Henry Laurens Call's "The Great Dream", 1908 Photo : Bell Studio, Girard, Kansas
Call (aka Girard) http://aerofiles.com 1908: Aerial Navigation Co of America Inc (fdr: Henry Laurens Call), Girard KS. 1912: Ended operations. Call Mayfly (Eaton Chronicles), Call Mayfly (1909 Fly) Mayfly 1909 = A curiosity with a graceful, boatlike fuselage hung under free-form wings (span: 41'0") used two 20hp Curtiss motors to turn two tractor propellers (some reports say four props) at 1000rpm and carry 10 passengers, with luggage, from Girard to Chicago, in theory. In reality, its 3,000# mass refused to leave the ground. 1909 Jane's comment: "Closely resembles a Wright; recently smashed; re-building," which must reference one of Call's other planes since this hardly looked like a Wright product. Undaunted, Call next built a smaller, metal-framed version with 40hp motors, but that one, as well, remained steadfastly earthbound. Only one of Call's subsequent fanciful designs - reportedly numbering 14 - finally made it into the air for varying lengths of time (specifically the Call II Monoplane with 30hp Harriman), but the company, one of the first aircraft manufacturers west of the Mississippi, went bankrupt in 1912.
Early birds didn't always escape the bonds of earth Once Orville and Wilbur Wright proved, in 1903, that flying was possible, every hotshot who could scrape up lumber and sheets wanted to soar with the birds. Aviation's first 15 years were filled with adventure. Daredevils smitten by the clouds dreamed up their own crafts - ponderous dirigibles to primitive helicopters to crude spruce-and-linen biplanes - in search of thrills and chills. At first, they flew just for the glory of sailing above the crowds and making a few bucks giving rides at air shows and county fairs.
"During this period, aviation was probably more of a curiosity than anything," said Walt House, a member of the Wichita Aeronautical Historical Association. "There were some flyers who did it for the fun of barnstorming and there were promoters who did it for the money they could make putting on air shows."Later, far-sighted businessmen would realize aviation's commercial possibilities - hauling passengers and mail - and the course of flying would be forever changed. Wichita's early aviation history begins in 1908, a mere five years after the Wright brothers first flew on Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C. The Commercial Club, the forerunner of the Chamber of Commerce, brought dirigible pilot Roy Knabenshue to Wichita to perform during the city's Peerless Prophet's Jubilee celebration Oct. 12 to 17, 1908. Knabenshue had a national reputation as "the man who hedge hopped over the lampposts of Broadway." But he didn't have much luck hopping over hedge rows in Wichita. Strong winds each day prevented Knabenshue's 150-foot-long, cigar-shaped blimp - with a catwalk underneath that carried two 20 horsepower engines - from getting off the ground. Knabenshue left town when the Jubilee ended. But a few days later, another pilot, Frank Goodale, managed to get about 50 feet up before gusty winds tore the dirigible apart and tossed it to the ground. So much for Wichita's first brush with aviation. The city didn't get worked up again until three years later. But in makeshift workshops across Kansas and the rest of the country, early "aeronauts" continued experimenting, often altering crude drawings in books to fit their own engineering ideas. Bob Pickett, former historian for Cessna Aircraft Co., said that many of the early inventors had turned to flying after their interest in sports such as car racing palled.
"Really, they were not highly respected," Pickett said. "They were the motorcycle riders of the day. They were kind of desperate for action."In February 1908, a New York lawyer, author and lecturer named Henry Laurens Call came to Girard in southeast Kansas with blueprints of a flying machine, and established the Aerial Navigation Co. of America Inc. Call was born in Ohio, raised in Silver Lake, Kan., and attended Kansas State Agricultural College from 1879 to 1881, according to school records. Described in later years as "tall, raw-boned, energetic and persuasive," he talked nearly everyone in Girard - from hotel porters to bankers - into anteing up a total of $2,500 to start an airplane factory in a rented lumberyard. But much of Call's financial backing came from J.A. Wayland, who published Appeal To Reason, a nationally known socialist newspaper, said William Cuthbertson, a Girard historian. Girard was then a center of Socialist activities.
"Call was going to fly a delegation of them to the Socialist convention in Chicago on May 10, 1908 (in exchange for money to build his plane)," Cuthbertson said.The men were to leave Girard in the morning and dine in Chicago that evening. To make the trip, Call built a four-winged contraption with two engines and four propellers. It was dubbed the "Mayfly" because locals said that it "may fly." But the plane wasn't finished until July 9, 1908, and never got off the ground, according to research by Duane Thiessen of Pittsburg State University in 1973. The plane was ludicrous. Another Girard historian wrote in 1921 that
"a local businessmen commented that it was about the same size as a haystack - and about as likely to fly."Call apparently built at least 14 more craft of various designs - including one dubbed the "Whynot" - but only one flew, a French Nieuport lookalike that briefly took to the air Sept. 30, 1912.
"He was supposed to be quite an engineer but he didn't use any of the things the Wright Brothers used," Cuthbertson said. "He just ignored anything that had to do with sense, just kind of kept building these things that didn't make any sense."Thiessen said that Call's unscientific approach was strange, because he
"had studied math and physics at Manhattan College in New York and was a member of the American Academy for the Advancement of Sciences."The company went bankrupt in 1912, and Call left Girard. Five years later, at age 50, he was killed flying a plane in Wisconsin. In 1909, the year after Call began experimenting in Girard, a couple of Rock Island railroad machinists in Goodland quit their jobs to build a primitive helicopter. Charles A. Wilson and William J. Purvis built the machine, which had twin sets of blades that spun in opposite directions, and gave a demonstration flight on Thanksgiving Day 1909.
"It didn't fly," said William Daise, curator of the High Plains Museum in Goodland, which displays a 1976 replica of the helicopter. "As I understand, it was hooked to a steam engine that got it a few feet off the ground."But that was enough to convince residents to buy stock in the venture, the Goodland Aviation Company. Daise said a second machine took to the air in June 1910, "but it was torn up in the air and never rebuilt." The company folded, and its equipment was sold a few months later to one of the original investors. Other helicopters had been built and flown, but in 1910 the government granted the Goodland machine the first patent for any rotary-winged aircraft in the country. Harold Norton of Brewster, a pilot who built the replica, said the Purvis-Wilson helicopter may have been capable of hovering a few feet but that it was incapable of horizontal flight.
"The sorry part of it is, that if there hadn't been so much fun made of it - if there had been a little more money put into it and interest shown in it - they might have worked the bugs out of it," Norton said.In October 1910, in the southwest Kansas town of Jetmore, an equally weird experiment took place. A.E. Hunt, a blacksmith, spent about two years hammering out his all- metal "Hunt Rotary" flying machine. The machine reportedly was made of angle iron and gas pipe, and weighed between one and four tons. Hunt posed for photographers before attempting his ill-fated maiden flight.
"That was quite a sight," C.L. Hubbell, who was a spectator, recalled in a 1971 interview. "The rotary units on top were made of tin. They turned pretty fast, making an awful vibration and an awful noise. The whole thing was really vibrating."Pipe clenched in his teeth, Hunt revved the six-cylinder engine and pulled levers controlling three rudders, but the two cylindrical disks that served as rotors weren't enough to lift the contraption.
"He tried to fly but he couldn't get it off the ground," said Alta Wilson, a Jetmore resident who's heard stories about Hunt. "He was a sad, disappointed person."Hunt tried three different engines without success before the machine was dismantled and sold for scrap. He planned a second craft but it was never built.
"It is altogether possible that from the failure of this machine others gathered knowledge which has made the current helicopter possible," O.L.E. Haff, who saw the Hunt machine in his youth, recalled in a 1956 interview. "Mr. Hunt should not be forgotten. He was a pioneer - he pointed the way."© The Wichita Eagle
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